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Matthew Hughes 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2013,24(3-4):528-550
This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents. 相似文献
43.
Jangkhomang Guite 《Small Wars & Insurgencies》2013,24(2):447-478
ABSTRACTThis paper concerns the lesser known British counterinsurgency (COIN) operations in Northeast frontier of India during the First World War. Officially known as the ‘Kuki Operations’, it was considered as part of the Great War. Carried out in isolation from press and public, and shelved in colonial archives, the event remained invisible until today. Yet, it registers a critical case of colonial COIN doctrine where the ‘moral effect’ doctrine was employed without being questioned. It unleashed enormous amount of organized violence, ranging from shoot at sight to indiscriminate burning of villages, wholesale destruction of property and livestock, prevention of cultivation and rebuilding of villages, forced mass displacement in jungles or in ‘concentration camps’, and collective punishment (communal penal labour and payment of compensation) after the war. This paper argues that the theory of ‘minimum force’ and the practicability of the ‘moral effect’ doctrine as applied by the Empire, sit oddly with each other at the frontier, where violence was seen both as a natural and moral orders. Violence as an ‘imperatively necessary’ method to bring order in a disorderly frontier, in the opinion of colonial state, informs and registers Northeast India as geography of violence. 相似文献
44.
《防务技术》2022,18(11):2045-2051
By using split Hopkinson pressure bar, optical microscopy and electronic microscopy, we investigate the influence of initial microstructures on the adiabatic shear behavior of high-strength Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr (Ti-5553) alloy with lamellar microstructure and bimodal microstructure. Lamellar alloy tends to form adiabatic shearing band (ASB) at low compression strain, while bimodal alloy is considerably ASB-resistant. Comparing with the initial microstructure of Ti-5553 alloy, we find that the microstructure of the ASB changes dramatically. Adiabatic shear of lamellar Ti-5553 alloy not only results in the formation of recrystallized β nano-grains within the ASB, but also leads to the chemical redistribution of the alloying elements such as Al, V, Cr and Mo. As a result, the alloying elements distribute evenly in the ASB. In contrast, the dramatic adiabatic shear of bimodal alloy might give rise to the complete lamination of the globular primary α grain and the equiaxial prior β grain, which is accompanied by the dynamic recrystallization of α lamellae and β lamellae. As a result, ASB of bimodal alloy is composed of α/β nano-multilayers. Chemical redistribution does not occur in ASB of bimodal alloy. Bimodal Ti-5553 alloy should be a promising candidate for high performance armors with high mass efficiency due to the processes high dynamic flow stress and excellent ASB-resistance. 相似文献
45.
针对反坦克导弹系统动态过程仿真的输出具有短时序、低信噪比的特点 ,研究了应用最小交互熵谱估计验证导弹系统仿真模型有效性的方法 ,并结合某型号滚转稳定的反坦克导弹系统的仿真数据和理论计算数据给出了最小交互熵谱估计的应用结果。 相似文献
46.
线性调频 (LFM)信号体制的超宽带雷达 (UWBR)系统的相位误差 ,会影响雷达系统脉冲压缩的结果。本文提出的相位梯度 (PG)算法 ,能够有效地估计系统相位误差 ,改善脉冲压缩的性能。 相似文献
47.
采用分层介质膜的等效模型 ,计算了均匀光纤光栅及线性啁啾光栅的反射谱、透射谱及反射相位跃变 ,结果与采用耦合模理论计算的结果相吻合 ,表明这是分析光纤光栅的光反射特性的一种有效的新方法 . 相似文献
48.
调频连续波具有较长的脉宽和较大的信号带宽,通常采用去调频的处理方式,但是,去调频的处理会引入空变的相位误差。从去调频的处理方式入手,根据发射信号相位误差缓变的特点,提出了依据发射信号相位误差模型补偿空变相位误差的方法,并在理论上对该方法进行了推导。该补偿方法分为两步,从差频信号中去除发射信号相位误差,在残余视频相位误差校正之后,通过与补偿函数相乘去除剩余的相位误差。仿真和实测的实验结果表明,该方法能够克服目标距离的限制,有效地补偿空变相位误差带来的影响,提高脉压水平。提出的误差补偿方法能够很好地平衡系统负载、误差补偿精度和算法开销,具有较强实用性。 相似文献
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50.
推导了二元共晶系的热力学模型,改进了单参数的Margules方程,引入了温度项,利用实验值对方程中的参数进行了回归,结果表明该热力学模型是可行的,从而可以应用该模型计算二元共晶系相变材料的最低共熔点和组成。 相似文献